Question 1120555
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1)  Too many questions to answer in one post.


2)  I will answer very first question only (question b).


    
    The general principle of solving such problems is to conclude the given figure into the MINIMAL RECTANGLE on the given grid.


    Then you will see some number of triangles that COMPLEMENT your figure to this minimal rectangle.


    Usually, it is EASY TASK to determine the area of these complementary triangles.


    As soon as you complete this auxiliary task, you will be able to determine  the area of the given figure.
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For the student of the Russian Math School this hint (this instruction) is more than enough.
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Boldly go ahead and good luck in solving this problem.