Question 1115970
"downward exponient"
? 
What's that? 



Here is a GUESS for two of the examples.



EXAMPLE c
-
Your base is 27 and your "antilog" is 27.  The "logarithm" you are looking for is the exponent.  If your log is variable x, then you could also say {{{27^x=27}}}-------OBVIOUS!    
{{{log(27,27)}}}
{{{highlight(1)}}}
(do you understand why?)




EXAMPLE d
{{{log(9,27)}}}-------the most likely correct notation
{{{x=log(9,3^3)}}}--------giving a variable to the "logarithm", for help when converting into exponential form
{{{9^x=3^3}}}---------------now in exponential form
{{{(3^2)^x=3^3}}}

{{{3^(2x)=3^3}}}

{{{2x=3}}}

{{{highlight(x=3/2)}}}
-
These steps should now be clear.