Question 1099657
<br>
The numbers of numbers in the successive sets are
1, 2, 3, 4, ...<br>
Let's think about the process for finding the answer by answering a similar but much simpler problem: find the sum of the numbers in the set that has last number 19.<br>
We can see the answer in the statement of the problem; however, let's see how we can get the answer in a way that we can use to find the answer to the given problem.<br>
The "first" set contains 1 odd integer; the "second" contains 2; the third 3; and the fourth 4.<br>
1+2+3+4 = 10, and 19 is the 10th odd integer, so 19 is the last number in the 4th set.<br>
Then, since there are 4 numbers in that set, the four numbers in the set are 19, 17, 15, and 13.<br>
It is easy to see in this case that the sum of those numbers is 64.  But let's find that sum by a method that we can use for the given problem, where we can't see the whole set of numbers at once.<br>
We know at this point that 19 is the largest number in the 4th set.  The smallest number in the 4th set is 19 minus the common difference 2 three times, so the smallest number in the set is {{{19-3(2) = 19-6 = 13}}}.  Then the average of the numbers in the set is {{{(19+13)/2 = 16}}}; and with 4 numbers in the set, the sum is {{{16*4 = 64}}}.<br>
Now let's apply that same analysis to the given problem.<br>
The number 1259 is the 630th odd positive integer; and we are told that it is the last number in its set.<br>
So we need to find when 1+2+3+4+...+n is equal to 630.<br>
The sum of the integers from 1 to n is {{{(n(n+1))/2}}}; so we want to find a solution to
{{{(n(n+1))/2 = 630}}}
{{{n(n+1) = 1260}}}<br>
By one method or another, we find n=35.<br>
That means 1259 is the last number in the 35th set.<br>
Using the method we developed earlier, the first number in the 35th set is {{{1259-34*2 = 1259-68 = 1191}}}.<br>
Then the average of the numbers in the set is {{{(1259+1191)/2 = 2450/2 = 1225}}}.<br>
And then the sum of the numbers in that set is {{{35*1225 = 42875}}}.<br>
ANSWER:  The sum of the numbers in the set with last number 1259 is 42,875.