Question 735088
You are asking about Linear Algebra

A vector has magnitude and direction used to represent velocity, acceleration or momentum of an object.  You can then see that we need a coordinate system to provide us with a grid to plot direction and calculate magnitude.

I suggest you look at the following web site references to get started:

http://www.egwald.ca/linearalgebra/vectors.php

http://algebra.nipissingu.ca/tutorials/vector_space.html