Question 51422
You have three separate problems here -- you should probably ask one problem at a time in the future.  
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In the first problem we're told that one number is 5 more than another.  Let {{{x}}} represent the number, then {{{x+5}}} represents the other.  Five times the smaller (i.e., {{{5x}}}) is 2 more than twice the larger (i.e., {{{2(x+5)+2}}}).  This produces the equation {{{5x=2(x+5)+2}}}.  Now we just solve for {{{x}}}.  Expanding the equation produces {{{5x=2x+10+2}}} which simplifies to {{{5x=2x+12}}}.  Subtracting {{{2x}}} from both sides produces {{{3x=12}}}.  Now divide both sides by {{{3}}} yields {{{x=4}}}.  This means the smaller number is 4 and the other number is 5 more than that; i.e. 4+5, or 9.  
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For the second problem, let {{{x}}} represent the money for Bob.  Bill has twice that amount, or {{{2x}}}.  Paul has $12 more than Bill, or {{{2x+12}}}.  Together they have $92, represented by the equation {{{x+2x+2x+12=92}}}.  We combine like terms to get {{{5x+12=92}}}.  Subtracting 12 from both sides yields {{{5x=80}}}.  Now divide both sides by 5 to produce {{{x=16}}}.  That means Bob has $16.  Bill has twice that, or $32; Paul has $12 more than Bill, or $44.  Adding $16+$32+$44 produces the sum of $92.
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For the third problem, let {{{x}}} represent one of the numbers.  Because the numbers are consecutive, the other number is represented by {{{x+1}}}.  Their sum must total 93, represented by the equation {{{x+x+1=93}}}.  Combining like terms produces {{{2x+1=93}}}.  Solving for {{{x}}} as in the process above produces {{{x=46}}}.  That means the second number is one more than that, or 47.  Sure enough, {{{46+47=93}}}.