Question 5042
Plane A travels due north at 150 mph for 2 hours, it will go 300 miles.
Plane B travels due west at 200 mph for 2 hours, it will go 400 miles. 

Draw the two vectors and you will see that they make two sides of a right triangle.  The distance between the two planes at the end of two hours is just the hypotenuse of this triangle.

You could use the Pythagorean theorem (c^2 = a^2 + b^2) to find the distance...or you could recognise that 300 and 400  are two of a pythagorean triplet (300, 400, 500) and the third number of this triplet is 500.

So, the planes will be 500 miles aprt at the end of two hours.