Question 182976
Since "percent" is defined as:
"part"/"whole" * 100 = "percent"
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In your problem:
16 is what percent of 54?
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They give you:
"part" = 16
"whole" = 54
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What you are missing is "percent" -- 
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Assign a variable to things you don't know:
Let P = "the percent"
then because:
"part"/"whole" * 100 = "percent"
we then have:
(16/54)100 = P  (This is your equation)
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Variable is P
Coefficient is any multiplier associated with the variable -- in this case, there is none -- Or, you might consider 1 -- because 1P is the same as P.
Constant is 100 -- anything that doesn't change in you equation