The volume of a rectangular prism (a rectangular box) is Length x Width x Height = L*W*H
Double the Length is 2L. So the new volume is 2L*W*H which is double the original volume.
Let's use a simple example of a rectangular prism with L = 2, W=3 and H=1
V = 2*3*1 = 6. If the length is doubled to be 4, the volume is 4*3*1 = 12. It doubles, because a factor of 2 was added to only one of the dimensions.
The new volume is 2L*W*H = 2*Old Volume = 248 cubic feet.