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let x = the number of questions answered correctly, then:
180-x = the number of unattempted or wrongly answered questions.
Points earned for the x questions answered correctly = 4x
Points deducted from the 180-x unattempted or wrongly
answered questions = -1(180-x).
4x - 1(180-x) = 450
4x - 180 + x = 450
5x - 180 = 450
5x = 630
x = 126
Number of questions answered correctly = 126
number of unattempted or wrongly answered questions = 180-126 = 54
Checking
4×126 = 504 for 126 questions answered correctly
-1×54 = -54 for 54 unattempted or wrongly answered questions
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450 = his score (that checks!)
Edwin