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Exponentiation is the mathematical operation where one number is expressed as the power of another number.
e.g. 100 = 10^2 (10*10). Or 8 = 2^3 (8 = 2*2*2)
Here 2^3 is the exponential form, where 2 is called the "base" and 3 is the "exponent".
sqrt(x) can be written as
which is the exponential form. x is the base and 1/2 (or 0.5) is the exponent.
Hope this helps you to work out the remaining problems yourself.
:)