When you derive the equation for a general parabola through distance formula and directrix and focus, you get a result of , and p is the distance from the vertex to the focus and it is also the distance from the vertex to the directrix.
The shape of your parabola in #2 is the same shape as , only the position has changed. Compare this with the general equation for the untranslated equation for a parabola. You can get the value of p through equating 4p with (1/16). .
As for the vertex, look for the information from the given equation (which is already given in standard form) to find the "(h, k)" point.
You have , so your vertex is (-1, -2).
If you did not yet find p, do it NOW. You are ready to find the focus [(-1, -2+p)] and the directrix.