f(x) =
The graph of y=2x+1 is the red line.
It is drawn solid to the right of where x=1
The graph of y=
-3 is the green line
It is drawn solid to the left of where x=1.
We erase the dotted parts:
The red line includes the endpoint (1,3), so we place
a darkened circle at (1,3). The green line does not
include the endpoint (1,-2.5) so we draw an open circle
there:
Edwin