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We memorize the way to factor the sum or the difference of cubes:
A³ ± B³ = (A ± B)(A² ∓ AB + B²)
That is, the sum of two cubes factors like this:
A³ + B³ = (A + B)(A² - AB + B²)
And the difference of two cubes factors like this:
A³ - B³ = (A - B)(A² + AB + B²)
Be sure to memorize these.
Your problem is
64x³ - 27y³
since 64 = 4³ and 27 = 3³, we can write that as
(4x)³ - (3y)³
So we substitute A = 4x and B = 3y in
A³ - B³ = (A - B)[A² + AB + B²]
(4x)³ - (3y)³ = (4x - 3y)[(4x)² + (4x)(3y) + (3y)²]
Then we simplify the bracket expression:
= (4x - 3y)[16x² + 12xy + 9y²]
= (4x - 3y)(16x² + 12xy + 9y²)
Edwin