ab² + bc² + ca² ≧ 3abc
Note: the inequality does not hold if we allow negative
numbers because if a=-1, b=5, and c=1,
-1·5² + 6·1² + 1·(-1)² ≧ 3·(-1)(1)
-25 + 6 + 1 ≧ -3
-18 ≧ -3
That is false. So you must mean that a,b, and c are
non-negative.
So I will assume that a,b,c are all non-negative.
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The inequality is symmetric in a,b, and c. Therefore
without loss of generality we can assume a≦b≦c.
Then there exist non-negative numbers p and q such that
b = a+p, and c = a+p+q
Substituting those for b and c in the left side of the
inequality gives:
a(a+p)² + (a+p)(a+p+q)² + (a+p+q)a²
Multiplying that out and collecting like terms gives:
3a³+6a²p+3a²q+4ap²+4apq+aq²+aq²+p³+2p²q+pq²
Making the same substitutions in the right side of the
inequality gives:
3a(a+p)(a+p+q)
Multiplying that out and collecting like terms gives:
3a³+6a²p+3a²q+3ap²+3apq
So the inequality which we are to prove becomes:
3a³+6a²p+3a²q+4ap²+4apq+aq²+aq²+p³+2p²q+pq² ≧ 3a³+6a²p+3a²q+3ap²+3apq
For contradiction, assume that
3a³+6a²p+3a²q+4ap²+4apq+aq²+aq²+p³+2p²q+pq² < 3a³+6a²p+3a²q+3ap²+3apq
holds for some non-negative a, p, and q
Subtracting the right side from the left side we get
ap²+apq+2aq²+p³+2p²q+pq² < 0
But this can never hold because the left side is non-negative,
so we have reached a contradiction. Therefore the original
inequality holds.
Edwin