How many elements (simple events) does the sample space contain when n coins
are thrown m times?
Here is the sample space when 2 coins are thrown 3 times:
{(HH,HH,HH), (HH,HH,HT), (HH,HH,TH), (HH,HH,TT),
(HH,HT,HH), (HH,HT,HT), (HH,HT,TH), (HH,HT,TT),
(HH,TH,HH), (HH,TH,HT), (HH,TH,TH), (HH,TH,TT),
(HH,TT,HH), (HH,TT,HT), (HH,TT,TH), (HH,TT,TT),
(HT,HH,HH), (HT,HH,HT), (HT,HH,TH), (HT,HH,TT),
(HT,HT,HH), (HT,HT,HT), (HT,HT,TH), (HT,HT,TT),
(HT,TH,HH), (HT,TH,HT), (HT,TH,TH), (HT,TH,TT),
(HT,TT,HH), (HT,TT,HT), (HT,TT,TH), (HT,TT,TT),
(TH,HH,HH), (TH,HH,HT), (TH,HH,TH), (TH,HH,TT),
(TH,HT,HH), (TH,HT,HT), (TH,HT,TH), (TH,HT,TT),
(TH,TH,HH), (TH,TH,HT), (TH,TH,TH), (TH,TH,TT),
(TH,TT,HH), (TH,TT,HT), (TH,TT,TH), (TH,TT,TT),
(TT,HH,HH), (TT,HH,HT), (TT,HH,TH), (TT,HH,TT),
(TT,HT,HH), (TT,HT,HT), (TT,HT,TH), (TT,HT,TT),
(TT,TH,HH), (TT,TH,HT), (TT,TH,TH), (TT,TH,TT),
(TT,TT,HH), (TT,TT,HT), (TT,TT,TH), (TT,TT,TT))
Each simple event consists of a group of 3 tosses each, and
each contains 2 coin tosses, so there are
2×3 or 6 places to put H or T. So there are 22×3
elements in the sample space. 22×3 = 26 = 64.
Here is the sample space when 3 coins are thrown 2 times:
{(HHH,HHH), (HHH,HHT), (HHH,HTH), (HHH,HTT),
(HHH,THH), (HHH,THT), (HHH,TTH), (HHH,TTT),
(HHT,HHH), (HHT,HHT), (HHT,HTH), (HHT,HTT),
(HHT,THH), (HHT,THT), (HHT,TTH), (HHT,TTT),
(HTH,HHH), (HTH,HHT), (HTH,HTH), (HTH,HTT),
(HTH,THH), (HTH,THT), (HTH,TTH), (HTH,TTT),
(HTT,HHH), (HTT,HHT), (HTT,HTH), (HTT,HTT),
(HTT,THH), (HTT,THT), (HTT,TTH), (HTT,TTT),
(THH,HHH), (THH,HHT), (THH,HTH), (THH,HTT),
(THH,THH), (THH,THT), (THH,TTH), (THH,TTT),
(THT,HHH), (THT,HHT), (THT,HTH), (THT,HTT),
(THT,THH), (THT,THT), (THT,TTH), (THT,TTT),
(TTH,HHH), (TTH,HHT), (TTH,HTH), (TTH,HTT),
(TTH,THH), (TTH,THT), (TTH,TTH), (TTH,TTT),
(TTT,HHH), (TTT,HHT), (TTT,HTH), (TTT,HTT),
(TTT,THH), (TTT,THT), (TTT,TTH), (TTT,TTT)}
Each simple event consists of a group of 2 tosses each, and
each contains 3 coin tosses, so there are
3×2 or 6 places to put H or T. So there are 23×2
elements in the sample space. 22×3 = 26 = 64.
Now if we were to list the sample space when n coins are thrown m times,
Each simple event consists of a group of m tosses each, and
each contains n choices of coin tosses, so there are
n×m places to put H or T. So there are 2n×m
elements in the sample space.
Edwin