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1 - a²-2ab-b^2
Factor -1 out of the last three terms:
1 - (a²+2ab+b²)
Factor the parentheses:
1 - (a+b)(a+b)
1 - (a+b)²
1² - (a+b)²
That's the difference of squares:
[1 - (a+b)][1 + (z+b)]
[1 - a - b][1 + a + b]
(1 - a - b)(1 + a + b)
Edwin