I'm going to solve the first problem.
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You see how 3b and -10b both have b? We can add them to get -7b. We can also do the same for numbers (real numbers), so -5-4=-9. The simplified version would be -7b-9!
The trick is to look for similarity. Remember that you can't add/subtract expressions with different variables. (eg. 5x-7y). If you have any other questions, feel free to contact me.