x³ - 8x² + 11x + 20
The possible rational zeros are ± the factors of 20:
±1, ±2, ±4, ±5, ±10, ±20
We will start out trying 1
1 | 1 -8  11  20
  |    1  -7   4 
    1 -7   4  24
No, 1 is not a zero because we got a remainder
of 24, not 0.  So we will try -1
-1 | 1 -8  11  20
   |   -1   9 -20 
     1 -9  20   0
This time we got a zero remainder, so we have
factored 
 
x³ - 8x² + 11x + 20
as
(x + 1)(x² - 9x + 20)
The expression in the second parentheses will
factor again
(x + 1)(x - 4)(x - 5)
That's it.
Edwin