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Hi,
Let x represent length of the shorter piece
then (21ft -x) would represent the lomger piece
Question states***
5x = 3(21ft-x) +1ft
solving for x
5x = 63ft - 3x + 1ft
8x = 64ft
x = 8 ft, the length of the shorter piece
Longer piece is 13ft (21ft-8ft)
CHECKING our Answer***
5*8ft = 3*13ft + 1ft = 40ft