ALL of the below have to be memorized, its alot all at once but you will learn these all over time. and they are all rather easy once you start using them everyday.
First basics is order of operations
"Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally" or (PEMDAS) which means:
Parenthesies
Exponents
Multiplication
Division
Adding
Subtracting
ex:
Answer:
Work P:
, E:
, M:
, D:
, A:
, S:
The distributive property
taking the number outside the parenthasies and multiplying it in to the variables or numbers inside.


Associative Property
For addition, the rule is
; in numbers, this means
. For multiplication, the rule is
; in numbers, this means
Commutative Property
For addition, the rule is
; in numbers, this means
. For multiplication, the rule is
; in numbers, this means 
Laws Of Exponents
,
, 
, 
, 
FOIL Method

First numbers

Inner numbers

Outer numbers

Last numbers

Quadratic Equation and formula
equation:
Formula in words: opposite of b Plus or minus the squareroot of b squared minus four times a times c all over 2 times a
Formula looks like: 
Pythagorean Theorem
Where a and b= the 2 small sides of a triangle and c is the hypotenuse.
(L=Length W=Width H=Hieght S=Side)
Perimeter of a rectangle
or 
Area of a rectangle

Volume of rectangle box

Surface area of a cube

Volume of a cube

Slope Intercept form
(m=slope b=y-intercept)

slope is 2/3 , y-intercept is 4
Finding Slope from 2 points
(x1,y1)(x2,y2)
I Hope all these help
Good Luck