First, raise both sides as a power of e, to undo the ln.
or
There are several ways to do the next step. I like to invert both sides of the equation. In other words, if two quantities are equal, then their reciprocals are also equal. Flip both sides:
or
Unfortunately, I left my calculator at the office today, so you'll have to do the calculation yourself.
ln(1/x) = 2
On the left side, use this rule of logarithms:
ln(A/B) = ln(A) - ln(B)
with A = 1 and B = x
ln(1) - ln(x) = 2
0 - ln(x) = 2
-ln(x) = 2
Multiply or divide thru by -1
ln(x) = -2
Use this equation-exchange rule: The equation
ln(A) = B
is equivalent to and may be replaced by the equation
A = eB.
with A = 2 and B = -2
So equation
ln(x) = -2
becomes equation
x = e-2,
or by calculator, x = .1353352832
Edwin McCravy
AnlytcPhil@aol.com