SOLUTION: Each year, the national Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) together with the national Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) publishes Traffic Safety Facts, which sum

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Question 242306: Each year, the national Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) together with the national Center for Statistics and Analysis (NCSA) publishes Traffic Safety Facts, which summarizes the motor vehicle traffic crash experience for the United States. Traffic Safety Facts 2005 includes trends data, crash data, vehicle data, and people data. Also, the NHTSA and NCSA publish a report summarizing the motor vehicle crash data of the 32 states in the NHTSA's State Data System.
In 2005, there were 43,443 fatalities in the United States as a result of motor vehicle crashes. The pie chart at the right shows the national distribution of traffic fatalities with respect to age group. For example, 16% of all motor vehicle fatalities were adults ages 25-34. Using the data from the 32 states in the NHTSA's State Data System as a sample, the contingency table shows the number of motor vehicle fatalities according to age and geographic location within the United States.

Motor Vehicle Fatalities
Age-- Under 16, 16-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75+
Eastern U.S.-- 651, 3309, 2255, 2132, 1977, 1359, 941, 1354
Central U.S.-- 841, 3478, 2346, 2163, 1994, 1361, 939, 1190
Western U.S-- 414, 1655, 1154, 1021, 955, 668, 386, 498

Exercises
1. In 2005, how many people in the United States ages 16-24 died as a result of a motor vehicle crash?
2. Assuming the variables region and age independent, in which region did the number of motor vehicle fatalities for the 16-24 age group exceed the expected number of fatalities?
3. Assuming the variables region and age are independent, in which region did the number of motor vehicle fatalities for the 25-34 age group exceed the expected number of fatalities?
4. At alpha = 0.05, perform a chi-square independence test to determine whether the variable region and age are independent. What can you conclude?
In exercises 5-7, perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test to compare the national distribution of motor vehicle fatalities with the distribution of each region of the United States. Use the national distribution as the claimed distribution. Use alpha = 0.05.
5. Compare the distribution of the sample of motor vehicle fatalities from the eastern United States with the national distribution. What can you conclude?
6. Compare the distribution of the sample of motor vehicle fatalities from the Central United States with the national distribution. What can you conclude?
7. Compare the distribution of the sample of motor vehicle fatalities from the western United States with the national distribution. What can you conclude?
8. In addition to the variables used in this case study, what other variables do you think are important considerations when studying the distribution of motor vehicle fatalities?
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