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#1
From the total number of marbles: g + b = 57
And from "there are 17 more green marbles than blue..." : g = b+17
From the above, substitute for 'g' in the first equation:
(b+17) + b = 57
2b + 17 = 57
2b = 57 - 17 = 40
b = 40/2
b = 20 --> g = 37
There are 20 blue marbles and 37 green marbles in the bag.
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#2 Please post as a separate problem, as the forum requires you supply one problem per post.