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d( x ) = −x3
You want d(4a2)
So take out the x's and put empty parentheses in their place, like this:
d( x ) = −x3
d( ) = -( )3
Then put 4a2 in the empty parentheses:
d(4a2) = -(4a2)3
Then simplify the right side,
d(4a2) = -43a6
d(4a2) = -64a6
Edwin