= 11pq ====> add 2pq to both sides. You will get ====> = 13pq ====> = 13pq ====> take the logarithm from both sides ====> 2*log(p+q) = log(13) + log(p) + log(q) 2*log(p+q) - log(13) = log(p) + log(q) 2*(log(p+q) - 2*log(sqrt(13))) = log(p) + log(q) log = .