
The angle indicated by the red arc is 180° or p radians.
But the right triangle is "smashed" flat against the x-axis,
so its hypotenuse coincides with its horizontal side, and
its vertical side is 0.
The adjacent side is the x coordinate of the point -2.
The hypotenuse r, is the radius vector which coincides
with the green line. Since hypotenuse or radius vector
is always taken positive, its value is +2






Edwin