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The ten's digit of a two digit number is three times the unit digit. The sum of the number and the unit digit is 32. Find the number.
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Let the units digit be x. 0 <= x <= 9.
Then tens digit will be 3x.
And the number itself will be 10*(3x)+x = 30x + x.
The fact that "the sum of the number and the unit digit is 32" means
(30x + x) + x = 32, or 32x = 32.
Hence, x = 1.
And the number is 31.
Solved.