SOLUTION: There were 50 more pupils who took the mathematics exam than took the geology exam A fifth of those who took the mathematics exam were girls and a quarter of those who took the geo

Let m = # of pupils who took the mathematics exam, and 
    g = # of pupils who took the geology     exam.

We are given that

m - g = 50,    (1)

it is our first equation. Now,

"A fifth of those who took the mathematics exam were girls" - their number is .   (2)

"A quarter of those who took the geology exam were girls" - their number is .     (3)

We also are given that 

"the number of girls who took the mathematics exam was six more than the number of girls who took the geology exam".

In other words, the number (2) is 6 more than the number (3),  i.e.

 = 6.   (4)

Thus we have now the system of two equations in two unknowns (1) and (4). 
Let me rewrite them one more time:

m - g = 50,  (1)

 = 6.   (4)

Actually, the problem is just solved - the system of equations is established. The rest is just technique.

To solve the system, multiply (1) by 4 and multiply (4) by 20 (both sides). You will get

4m - 4g = 200,   (1')

4m - 5g = 120.   (4')

Next, distract (4') from (1'). You will get

g = 200 - 120 = 80.

Then from (1),  m = 50 + g = 50 + 80 = 130.

Answer. The number of pupils who took the maths exam is 130.