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Trisha is 3 years older than Anna the sum of their ages is 47. What are their ages?
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t + a = 47, (1)
t - a = 3. (2)
Add (1) and (2) to get 2t = 47 + 3 = 50, t = 25. It is Trisha's age.
Distract (2) from (1) to get 2a = 47 - 3 = 44, a = 22. It is Anna's age.