Lesson Earthquake waves
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<H2>Earthquake waves</H2> <H3>Problem 1</H3>Seismographs can record two types of wave energy (P-waves and S-waves) that travel through the Earth after an earthquake. Traveling through granite, P-waves travel approximately 5 km/sec and S-waves travel approximately 3 km/sec. If a geologist working at a seismic station measures a time difference of 40 sec between an earthquake's P-waves and S-waves, how far from the epicenter of the earthquake is the station? <B>Solution</B> <pre> Let d be the distance from the epicenter of the earthquake to the station (in kilometers). For P-wave, the traveling time is {{{d/5}}} seconds. For S-wave, the traveling time is {{{d/3}}} seconds. The difference is {{{d/3}}} - {{{d/5}}} = 40 seconds. It is your "time" equation. To solve it, multiply all terms by 15 = 3*5. You will get 5d - 3d = 15*40 2d = 600 d = 300 kilometers. <U>ANSWER</U>. The distance from the epicenter of the earthquake to the station is 300 kilometers. </pre> <H3>Problem 2</H3>The primary wave of an earthquake travels 1.7 times faster than the secondary wave. Assuming that the secondary wave travels at 275 km per min and that the primary wave is recorded at a seismic station 5.07 minutes before the secondary wave, how far from the station was the earthquake? <B>Solution</B> <pre> Time for the secondary wave from the source to to the station is {{{d/275}}} minutes, where d is the distance from the source to the station. Time for the primary wave from the source to to the station is {{{d/(1.7*275)}}} minutes, where d is the same distance from the source to the station. Your equation is {{{d/275}}} - {{{d/(1.7*275)}}} = 5.07 minutes (the "time difference" equation). From the equation d = {{{5.07/(1/275 - 1/(1.7*275))}}} = (at this point I use Excel spreadsheet in my computer) = 3386 kilometers. <U>Answer</U>. 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