SOLUTION: Find the last two digits of the number 3^123 + 7^123 + 9^123.

Algebra.Com
Question 1165085: Find the last two digits of the number 3^123 + 7^123 + 9^123.
Found 2 solutions by greenestamps, ikleyn:
Answer by greenestamps(13200)   (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!


The pattern formed by the last two digits of 3 to increasing powers repeats in a cycle of length 20; the pattern for 7 to increasing powers repeats in a cycle of length 4; the pattern for 9 to increasing powers repeats in a cycle of length 10.

So 3^123, 7^123, and 9^123 have the same last two digits as 3^3, 7^3, and 9^3.

The last two digits of those numbers are 27, 43, and 29.

ANSWER: 27+43+29 = 99


Answer by ikleyn(52786)   (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!
.
Find the last two digits of the number 3^123 + 7^123 + 9^123
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


To find the last two digits of the number  3^123 + 7^123 + 9^123,  it is enough to know the last two digits of each number

3^123, 7*123 and 9^123, separately.



The last two digits of the numbers  3^1, 3^2, 3^3, . . . , 3^k, . . . repeat periodically with the period of 20.

    So (and in particular), two last digits of the numbers  3^21, 3^41, . . . , 3^121 are the same: they are 03.

    The two last digits of the number 3^123, therefore, is not difficult to calculate : they are 27.



The last two digits of the numbers  7^1, 7^2, 7^3, . . . , 7^k, . . . repeat periodically with the period of 4.

    So (and in particular), two last digits of the numbers  7^5, 7^9, . . . , 7^121 are the same: they are 07.

    The two last digits of the number 7^123, therefore, is not difficult to calculate : they are 43.



The last two digits of the numbers  9^1, 9^2, 9^3, . . . , 9^k, . . . repeat periodically with the period of 10.

    So (and in particular), two last digits of the numbers  9^11, 9^21, . . . , 9^121 are the same: they are 09.

    The two last digits of the number 9^123, therefore, is not difficult to calculate : they are 29.



Therefore, the last two digits of the number  3^123 + 7^123 + 9^123  you can easily find by taking the sum 

    27 + 43 + 29 = 99.


ANSWER.  The last two digits of the number  3^123 + 7^123 + 9^123  are  99.

Solved.

------------------

A post-solution note

    The fact that the last two digits of the sequence  3, 3^2, 3^3, . . . , 3^k . . . form a periodic sequence seems to be a miracle.

    But this fact is INEVITABLE consequence of simple properties.


    If to consider the last two digits, there are only finite number of their combinations: 

    00, 01, 02, . . . 10, 11, 12, . . . , 98, 99 --- in all, there are only 100 such 2-digit combinations.


    From the other side, the sequence  3, 3^2, 3^3, . . . , 3^k . . . is INFINITE.


    Therefore, by projecting it into the last two digits sequence, we INEVITABLY will have a repetition;

    and as soon as such a repetition will happen for the first time, the periodic behavior and the period itself are just provided.


    So, there is no any miracle in it - it is an inevitable fact.


    And this fact plays a KEY ROLE in similar proofs, making a key to solving such problems.


    Those who study Math from Math schools and/or from Math circles (or from associated Math books), usually know this remarkable property.


    Now, after reading my solution, you know this property, too (!)


    So from now, you do belong to a category of those lucky persons who know it (!)


    My congratulations (!) (!)


Come again to this forum soon to learn something new (!)



RELATED QUESTIONS

Find the last two digits of the number 3^123 + 7^123 +... (answered by greenestamps,math_tutor2020,ikleyn)
Find (if possible) the supplement of 123... (answered by Edwin McCravy)
In the sequence 123, 133, 113, 123, what is the next... (answered by MathLover1)
what is the next number for this pattern 7, 21, 8, 72, 9, ? answer: 81 243 123... (answered by MathLover1)
Find a number so that 73% of it is... (answered by Cromlix)
One number is 8 more that twice the second number. The sum of the number is 123. Find... (answered by bob123132,Mathtut)
The sum of three numbers is 123. The second number is 9 less than two times the first... (answered by pwac)
The sum of three numbers is 123. The second number is 9 less than two times the first... (answered by stanbon)
The Sum of three numbers is 123. The Second Number is 9 Less than two times the first... (answered by checkley77)