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Let x be the number of years to pass.
Then your basic equation is this
40 + x = 2*(10+x)
Simplify and find x
40 + x = 20 + 2x
40 - 20 = 2x - x
20 = x
ANSWER. In 20 years.
CHECK. In 20 years their ages will be 10+20 = 30 (the son) and 40 + 20 = 60 (the father).
Solved.