SOLUTION: Find the integral ∫▒(x √(1-x^2)) dx

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Question 445411: Find the integral
∫▒(x √(1-x^2)) dx

Answer by Edwin McCravy(20054) About Me  (Show Source):
You can put this solution on YOUR website!



int%28+%28x%2Asqrt%281-x%5E2%29+dx%29%29

Rewrite as

int%28%28++%281-x%5E2%29%5E%281%2F2%29x%2Adx++%29%29

Let u=1-x%5E2

Then du=-2x%2Adx

Solve for dx.  dx=%28du%29%2F%28-2x%29

Substitute for u and du

int%28%28++%281-x%5E2%29%5E%281%2F2%29x%2Adx++%29%29

int%28%28++u%5E%281%2F2%29x%2Aexpr%28du%2F%28-2x%29%29++%29%29

Cancel the x's

int%28%28++u%5E%281%2F2%29cross%28x%29%2Aexpr%28du%2F%28-2cross%28x%29%29%29++%29%29


The -2 on the bottom is the same as a multiplication by
-1%2F2 and can be brought out in front of the integral:

expr%28-1%2F2%29int%28%28++u%5E%281%2F2%29du%29++%29%29

Next we use the formula int%28u%5En%2Adu%29%22%22=%22%22expr%28u%5E%28n%2B1%29%2F%28n%2B1%29%29%2BC
with n=1%2F2

expr%28-1%2F2%29int%28u%5E%281%2F2%29%2Adu%29%22%22=%22%22expr%28-1%2F2%29%28u%5E%281%2F2%2B1%29%2F%281%2F2%2B1%29%29%2BC%22%22=%22%22expr%28-1%2F2%29%28u%5E%283%2F2%29%2F%283%2F2%29%29%2BC

The 3%2F2 on the bottom is a division by 3%2F2 which is the
same as a multiplication by 2%2F3 which we can take out in front
of the integral sign.  So we have:

expr%282%2F3%29%2Aexpr%28-1%2F2%29%28u%5E%283%2F2%29%29%2BC%22%22=%22%22expr%28-1%2F3%29%28u%5E%283%2F2%29%29%2BC

Finally we replace u using u=1-x%5E2

expr%28-1%2F3%29%281-x%5E2%29%5E%283%2F2%29%2BC

-----------------------

That's a long process, but later you will learn this shortcut:

int%28%28++%281-x%5E2%29%5E%281%2F2%29x%2Adx++%29%29

Since the derivative of 1-x%5E2 is -2x, and we
already have an x factor, we only need to put in -2
and take out -1%2F2, since they would cancel:

red%28expr%28-1%2F2%29%29int%28%28++%281-x%5E2%29%5E%281%2F2%29red%28-2%29xdx++%29%29

Then you just observe that that is in the form int%28u%5En%2Adu%29
without writing any u's or du's.

Then you add 1 to the exponent and multiply by the reciprocal
of the new exponent:

expr%28-1%2F2%29expr%282%2F3%29%281-x%5E2%29%5E%283%2F2%29%2BC
 
expr%28-1%2F3%29%281-x%5E2%29%5E%283%2F2%29%2BC

Edwin