Question 1048151: Water allocations and water flows in drought years. Here I provide for you the total inflow and outflows of surface water to and from SC. Assume the SC water system is and has been at steady state (ΔS = 0). The total flows in SC are presented as follows (all quantities in millions of acrefeet (MAF) per year). One acre foot is the volume corresponding to an area 660 ft x 66 ft x 1 ft where 660 ft x 66 ft is one acre, 1 AF = 325,851 gallons):
Table 1. Where South Carolina’s surface water comes from Precipitation 103.0 MAF/yr Net imports from out of state 1.7 MAF/yr Groundwater Pumping 2.0 MAF/yr Total: 106.7 MAF/yr
Where South Carolina’s surface water goes
evaporation and transpiration 61.0 MAF/yr
agriculture 3.0 MAF/yr Flows for wild & scenic rivers, and for estuary salinity standards 11.5 MAF/yr Other river flow to the ocean 27.2 MAF/yr Urban/industrial use 4 MAF/yr Total: 106.7 MAF/yr
1) What percentage of precipitation is available, after evaporation and transpiration, for use by humans and ecosystems? 1pt
%
2) What is the sum of available water (that is, the total supply of water for Wild & Scenic Rivers-maintaining estuary salinity standards, agriculture, urban/industrial use, and other flow to the ocean)? 1 pt
MAF
3) What percentage of available water goes to human uses (agriculture and urban/industrial use)? 1pt
%
4) If precipitation, statewide, decreases by 20%, evaporation and transpiration stay constant, and net imports from out of state and groundwater pumping stay constant, and agricultural and urban uses remain unchanged, what amount of water is left for rivers and flows to the ocean? 2pt
MAF
Name________________________________________ Section #______________ Homework Assignment #2 Due Th. September, 15 2016
5) By what percentage has this 20% drop in precipitation decreased the amount of water that went to rivers and flows to the ocean? 3 pt
%
6) Therefore a ___________% decrease in rainfall led to a ___________% decrease in river runoff. 1 pt
7) Can this amount of runoff (in #4) accommodate the current needs of agriculture, urban/industrial users, and Wild & Scenic rivers/estuary salinity standards? By what percentage? 2 pt
Yes or No
%
8) If we use all of the water available after the 20% decrease in rainfall how much water is left for river flow to the ocean? What is the consequence of not curtailing our water consumption during a drought? (1 points)
9) There have been proposals to accommodate South Carolina’s growing population with water that is now used for agriculture. If half of the water (1.5 MAF) now going to agriculture went to urban and industrial uses instead, how many new urban dwellers could be supported with this water? All you need are three numbers: (1) South Carolina agriculture currently uses roughly 3 million acre-feet per year, (2) residential, institutional, and industrial water use totals approximately 133 gallons per person, per day in South Carolina, and (3) there are 326,000 gallons in an acrefoot. You’re on your own for this one. Show ALL work here, no work no points: (2 points
Answer by solver91311(24713)   (Show Source):
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