Rule:
1. Multiply the coefficient of x or y or whatever letter, by
.
2. Square the result of step (1).
3. Add that to the right side.
First one:
a) x^2 - 8x
1. Multiply the coefficient of x, which is (-8), by
,
getting
or
2. Square the result of step (1), getting
, or 16.
3. Add that to the right side.
Answer: x^2 - 8x + 16
You do the others.
b) x^2 - x
For that one the coefficient of x is (-1).
c) y^2 + 6cy
For that one, the coefficient of y is (+6c), (not just +6).
Edwin