One of the two given equations tells you what x is in terms of y. When that is the case, substitution is the obvious logical straightforward approach... although many other methods will get you to the answer.
x=y-5
3x+y=1
x = y - 5___x - y = - 5 ----- eq (i)
3x + y = 1 ------- eq (ii)
4x = - 4 ----- Adding eqs (i) & (ii)
Proceed by substituting - 1 for x into any of the 2 equations to get the value of y.