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z³ - iz² + 3iz + 3
Factor z² out of the first two terms
z²(z - i) + 3iz + 3
Now we'd like to be able to factor z - i out of the last two terms 3iz + 3,
It looks hopeless but we have a magic trick. Since 1 = -i² we can multiply
the 3 by -i² since that equals 1 and will not change the value of the
expression:
z²(z - i) + 3iz + 3(-i²)
z²(z - i) + 3iz - 3i²
Now we can factor +3i out of the last two terms:
z²(z - i) + 3i(z - i)
That did it, so now we can factor out (z - i)
(z - i)(z² + 3i)
Edwin