To change from either polar form to rectangular form, or from
rectangular to polar form, always begin by drawing the graph
below, and out beside it write out the four equations, the
three basic trig ratios and the Pythagorean theorem equation:

To change


Solve (2) for x by clearing
of fractions
by multiplying both sides by r:
So replace
by


Solve (1) for y by clearing
of fractions
by multiplying both sides by r:
So replace
by


Solve for r by first factoring out r on the left:




-----------------------------------



Always substitute for the trig functions first, and for r last:
Substitute
for
Clear of fractions by multiplying both sides by r:
Now use (4) to replace
by
---------------------
Clear of fractions by multiplying both sides by



Again, always substitute for the trig functions first, and for r last:
Use (2) to substitute
for


Distribute to remove the parentheses on the left side:


Solve (4) for
:
and replace
r by that:


Isolate the square root term on the left by adding x to both sides:


Square both sides






Simplify by subtracting
from both sides:


Edwin
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[BTW, this symbol
is not "data", it's the Greek letter
"theta". It stands for the angle in the graph above.]