SOLUTION: The exact value of {{{cos(pi/7)+cos^2(pi/7)-2cos^3(pi/7)}}} is a rational number in the form p/q, where p and q are integers. Find (p+q)

Algebra ->  Trigonometry-basics -> SOLUTION: The exact value of {{{cos(pi/7)+cos^2(pi/7)-2cos^3(pi/7)}}} is a rational number in the form p/q, where p and q are integers. Find (p+q)      Log On


   



Question 1088789: The exact value of cos%28pi%2F7%29%2Bcos%5E2%28pi%2F7%29-2cos%5E3%28pi%2F7%29 is a rational number in the form p/q, where p and q are integers. Find (p+q)
Answer by Edwin McCravy(20056) About Me  (Show Source):
You can put this solution on YOUR website!
cos%282x%29%22%22=%22%222cos%5E2%28x%29-1
1%2Bcos%282x%29%22%22=%22%222cos%5E2%28x%29, solving for cos2(x),
1%2F2%2Bexpr%281%2F2%29cos%282x%29%22%22=%22%22cos%5E2%28x%29

cos%283x%29%22%22=%22%22cos%282x%2Bx%29%22%22=%22%22
cos%282x%29cos%28x%29-sin%282x%29sin%28x%29%22%22=%22%22%282cos%5E2%28x%29-1%29cos%28x%29-2sin%28x%29cos%28x%29sin%28x%29%22%22=%22%22
2cos%5E3%28x%29-cos%28x%29-2sin%5E2%28x%29cos%28x%29%22%22=%22%22
2cos%5E3%28x%29-cos%28x%29-2%281-cos%5E2%28x%29%29cos%28x%29

So we solve this for  cos3(x),
cos%283x%29%22%22=%22%222cos%5E3%28x%29-cos%28x%29-2%281-cos%5E2%28x%29%29cos%28x%29
cos%283x%29%22%22=%22%222cos%5E3%28x%29-cos%28x%29-2cos%28x%29%2B2cos%5E3%28x%29
cos%283x%29%22%22=%22%224cos%5E3%28x%29-3cos%28x%29
Solving for cos3(x)
cos%283x%29%2B3cos%28x%29%22%22=%22%224cos%5E3%28x%29
expr%281%2F4%29cos%283x%29%2Bexpr%283%2F4%29cos%28x%29%22%22=%22%22cos%5E3%28x%29

So cos%28pi%2F7%29%2Bcos%5E2%28pi%2F7%29-2cos%5E3%28pi%2F7%29%22%22=%22%22

%22%22=%22%22

%22%22=%22%22

%22%22=%22%22
 
(expression 1):   expr%28-1%2F2%29%28cos%28pi%2F7%29+-+cos%282pi%2F7%29%2Bcos%283pi%2F7%29-1%29

Expression 1 is what we must evaluate.  

matrix%281%2C4%2CLet%2Cz%2C%22%22=%22%22%2Ccos%28pi%2F7%29%2Bi%2Asin%28pi%2F7%29+%29  



matrix%281%2C4%2CSo%2Cz%5E7%2B1%2C%22%22=%22%22%2C0%29+






(equation 2)  matrix%281%2C3%2C+1%2Bz%5E2%2Bz%5E4%2Bz%5E6%2C%22%22=%22%22%2Cz%2Bz%5E3%2Bz%5E5%29+



We set the real part of the left side of equation 2 
equal to the real part of the right side of equation 2.

 

Now we use identities of angles subtracted from pi to reduce
the angles:

cos%284pi%2F7%29+=+cos%287pi%2F7-3pi%2F7%29=cos%28pi-3pi%2F7%29+=+-cos%283pi%2F7%29
cos%286pi%2F7%29+=+cos%287pi%2F7-pi%2F7%29=cos%28pi-pi%2F7%29+=+-cos%28pi%2F7%29
cos%285pi%2F7%29+=+cos%287pi%2F7-2pi%2F7%29=cos%28pi-2pi%2F7%29+=+-cos%282pi%2F7%29

Substituting

  

 



(equation 3):   

Now we go back to expression (1)

(expression 1):   expr%28-1%2F2%29%28cos%28pi%2F7%29+-+cos%282pi%2F7%29%2Bcos%283pi%2F7%29-1%29

and use equation 3 to substitute 1/2 for the first three terms in 
the parentheses of expression (1):

expr%28-1%2F2%29%281%2F2-1%29%22%22=%22%22expr%28-1%2F2%29%28-1%2F2%29%22%22=%22%221%2F4

So p%2Fq%22%22=%22%221%2F4

and p%2Bq%22%22=%22%221%2B4%22%22=%22%225

Edwin