It's all plugging numbers for letters in formulas.
You just have to know what they mean.
1. The 100th Term is -354
So n=100 and an = a100 = -354
2. the difference is -6
So d=-6
3. whats the first term?
So a1 is what we're looking for
So we look through our storehouse of formulas
for arithmetic sequences and series.
an = a1 + (n-1)d
Let's substitute 100 for n:
a100 = a1 + (100-1)d
Let's substitute -354 for a100:
-354 = a1 + (100-1)d
Let's substitute (-6) for d
-354 = a1 + (100-1)(-6)
Subtract 100-1
-354 = a1 + (99)(-6)
Multiply the 99 by the -6 and get -594
-354 = a1 - 594
Add 594 to both sides,
-354 = a1 - 594
+594 +594
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240 = a1
So the first term, a1, is 240.
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To check it we write out all 100 terms, starting
with 240 and adding -6 each time (same as
subtracting 6) and see if when we get to the 100th number,
it will be -354. We'll make 10 rows and 10 columns going
across:
240 234 228 222 216 210 204 198 192 186
180 174 168 162 156 150 144 138 132 126
120 114 108 102 96 90 84 78 72 66
60 54 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6
0 -6 -12 -18 -24 -30 -36 -42 -48 -54
-60 -66 -72 -78 -84 -90 -96 -102 -108 -114
-120 -126 -132 -138 -144 -150 -156 -162 -168 -174
-180 -186 -192 -198 -204 -210 -216 -222 -228 -234
-240 -246 -252 -258 -264 -270 -276 -282 -288 -294
-300 -306 -312 -318 -324 -330 -336 -342 -348 -354
So we ended up with -354 as the 100th term in the
lower right hand corner, so we know 240 was the
correct first term a1. But it does take a
very long time to check them, so we just have to be
careful with our calculations, and not check them.
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The other formula you asked about:
Sn =
(a1 + an)
That is a formula for Sn, where S100 is the
sum of all those 100 numbers if you were to add them all together:
There is another formula for the sum. It is:
Sn =
[2a1 + (n-1)d]
Edwin