Use the rule of making negative exponents positive by
moving the base and exponent from numerator to denominator
or denominator to numerator and changing the sign of the
negative exponent to positive:
Factor out 4 inside the parentheses in the numerator.
Factor out 2 inside the parentheses in the denominator.
Give all the factors inside the larger parentheses their
understood exponents of 1
Remove the larger parentheses by distributing the outer
exponents into the inner exponents
Cancel the (x-1)2's
Edwin
