I.Use an ordinary proof (not conditional or indirect) to solve the following arguments.
1. ~N ⊃ (~R ⊃ C)
2. R ⊃ N
3. ~C /N
4. (~N ● ~R) ⊃ C 1, Importation
5. ~C ⊃ ~(~N ● ~R) 4, Transposition
6. ~C ⊃ (~~N v ~~R) 5, DeMorgan's law
7. ~C ⊃ (N v R) 6, Double Negation
8. N v R 7,3, Modus Ponens
9. R v N 8, Commutation
10. ~~R v N 9, Double Negation
11. ~R ⊃ N 10, Material Implication
12. R v ~R Tautology
13. N v N 2,11,12, Constructive Dilemma
14. N 13, Tautology
Edwin