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Let's say there are 15 possible outcomes that could happen.
4 of which lead to Jason not getting the promotion.
11 situations where he does get promoted.
This is what it means when we say "the odds against him getting promoted are 4:11"
There are 4 things against him, and 11 things for him.
The odds in favor has us swap the positions of the values
The odds in favor of him getting the promotion is 11:4
So we know there are 11 ways he could get the promotion out of 15 total scenarios.
This gives us 11/15 as our final answer.