 Start with the given expression.
 Factor out the GCF  .
Now let's try to factor the inner expression 
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Looking at the expression , we can see that the first coefficient is  , the second coefficient is  , and the last term is  .
Now multiply the first coefficient by the last term to get  .
Now the question is: what two whole numbers multiply to (the previous product) and add to the second coefficient ?
To find these two numbers, we need to list all of the factors of (the previous product).
Factors of :
1
-1
Note: list the negative of each factor. This will allow us to find all possible combinations.
These factors pair up and multiply to .
1*(-1) = -1
(-1)*(1) = -1
Now let's add up each pair of factors to see if one pair adds to the middle coefficient :
| First Number | Second Number | Sum | | 1 | -1 | 1+(-1)=0 | | -1 | 1 | -1+1=0 |
From the table, we can see that there are no pairs of numbers which add to . So cannot be factored.
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Answer:
So simply factors to
In other words,  .
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