SOLUTION: four flags of different colours are given.How many signals can be given by these flags

We can choose the flag to put on the top position 4 ways.

For each of those 4 ways to put a flag on the top position,
there are 3 flags remaining to choose to put just underneath 
it.

That's 4×3 or 12 ways to place two flags in the top two 
positions.

For each of those 4×3 or 12 ways to choose flags for
the top two positions, there are 2 flags remaining to choose
to put next to the bottom position.

That's 4×3×2 or 12×2 or 24 ways to choose flags
for the top 3 positions.

Now there is only one flag left and only one position at the
bottom to place it in, so we just multiply by 1, and we still
have

4×3×2×1 = 4! = 24 ways to arrange the flags in different orders. 

This is also called "the number of permutations of 4 things 
taken 4 at a time."

Edwin