SOLUTION: The letters of ENTERTAINMENT are arranged in a row. Find the probability that the letters E are apart.

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Question 1149724: The letters of ENTERTAINMENT are arranged in a row. Find the probability that the letters E are apart.

Answer by Edwin McCravy(20054) About Me  (Show Source):
You can put this solution on YOUR website!
ENTERTAINMENT

In alphabetical order, the letters are A,E,E,E,I,M,N,N,N,R,T,T,T.

First we find the number of distinguishable arrangements, regardless of
whether the three E's are apart or not.

That's 13 things with 3 indistinguishable E's, 3 indistinguishable N's, and 3
indistinguishable T's,

That's 13%21%2F%283%213%213%21%29=28828800

From that we will subtract the ones with some E's together. They consist of
two cases:

Case 1. the number of arrangements that have all three E's together, like EEE.
That's the number of arrangements of these 11 "things" with 3
indistinguishable N's and 3 indistinguishable T's.

A,EEE,I,M,N,N,N,R,T,T,T.

That's 11%21%2F%283%213%21%29=1108800 ways.

and

Case 2. the number of arrangements that have EE together and the E apart from it.

First we find the number of arrangements without any E's.  That's the number

of arrangements of these 10 things, which have 3 indistinguishable N's and 3
indistinguishable T's:

A,I,M,N,N,N,R,T,T,T.

That's 10%21%2F%283%213%21%29=100800

Then we'll insert an EE and an E among them so that we don't put them
together, avoiding counting again the ones with EEE from case 1.

To do that, we now look at a random arrangement from the 100800 with no E's at
all, say this one:

T,R,N,A,I,T,N,N,M,T

We put 8 spaces between the letters, 1 space in the beginning, and 1 space at
the end. That's 10 spaces, and we'll put an E in one of them and EE in another
one.  That way the E and the EE won't be together.

_T_R_N_A_I_N_N_M_T_

We can choose the space to put the single E in in 10 ways.
That leaves 9 spaces to put the double EE in.

So for each of the 100800 ways we can insert the E and the EE in 10∙9 or 90 
ways.  That's 100800∙90 = 9072000 ways to have EE separate from E.

So the total number that we must subtract from 28828800 is 1108800 from case 1
and 9072000 from case 2.

28828800-1108800-9072000 = 15348000 ways.

Edwin