SOLUTION: how many ways can 8 books ordered from 1 to 8 be arranged on a shelf so that at least 1 is out of order?

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Question 1048431: how many ways can 8 books ordered from 1 to 8 be arranged on a shelf so that at least 1 is out of order?
Answer by Edwin McCravy(20054) About Me  (Show Source):
You can put this solution on YOUR website!
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8! - 1 = 40320 - 1 = 40319

Edwin