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How to get this answer:
Start at -10 on the number line. Count out 10 spaces to go from there to 0 on the number line. Then travel 8 more spaces to go from 0 to 8. In total, you have traveled 10+8 = 18 spaces.
A diagram is shown below to represent what I mean
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An alternative is to subtract the values and apply absolute value to ensure the result is not negative.
A = -10
B = 8
C = distance between points A and B on number line
C = |A-B|
C = |-10-8|
C = |-18|
C = 18
Either way you get the same answer.