toss a fair coin three times, the conditional probability of having
one head given that the first outcome is a tail is.
To be clear, the word "EXACTLY" or the words "AT LEAST" should be in there.
But regardless, the complete sample space of tossing three coins in
succession is:
{HHH,HHT,HTH,HTT,THH,THT,TTH,TTT} <--complete sample space
Also, regardless, the reduced sample space for the GIVEN part, that the
first outcome is a tail, is this reduced sample space of the 4 possible
cases when the first outcome is a tail:
{THH,THT,TTH,TTT} <--reduced sample space
If your problem should have read:
toss a fair coin three times, the conditional probability of having
EXACTLY one head given that the first outcome is a tail is:then there are 2 successful ways, THT and TTH to have EXACTLY one
head out of the 4 possible ways {THH,THT,TTH,TTT} of having a
tail first.
So the probability is 2 ways out of 4 or 2/4 which reduces to 1/2.
However, if your problem should have read:
toss a fair coin three times, the conditional probability of having
AT LEAST one head given that the first outcome is a tail is:then there are 3 successful ways, THH, THT and TTH to have AT LEAST one
head out of the 4 possible ways {THH,THT,TTH,TTT} of having a
tail first.
So the probability in this case is 3 ways out of 4 or 3/4.
Edwin