SOLUTION: solve: 1+cos(6x)-2cos(4x)=0 on [0 ,pi]

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Question 1132562: solve: 1+cos(6x)-2cos(4x)=0 on [0 ,pi]
Found 2 solutions by greenestamps, ikleyn:
Answer by greenestamps(13200) About Me  (Show Source):
You can put this solution on YOUR website!


It's not a formal algebraic solution, however....

Note that since the expression is to be equal to 0, it seems the values of cos(6x) and cos(4x) have to be rational numbers. Assuming that, there are two ways to make the expression equal to 0:

(1) cos(6x) = 1; cos(4x) = 1 --> 1+1-2(1) = 0
(2) cos(6x) = 0; cos(4x) = 1/2 --> 1+0-2(1/2) = 0

For answers of the first type, the angles 6x and 4x must both be multiples of 2pi. On the given closed interval [0,pi], there are two values of x for which that is true: 0 and pi.

First set of answers: {0,pi}

For answers of the second type, 4x must be pi/3 or 5pi/3, or either of those plus a multiple of 2pi. On the given closed interval, there are four values of x for which that is true: pi/12, 5pi/12, 7pi/12, and 11pi/12. For each of those values of x, cos(6x)=0, as required, so these are all solutions to the equation.

Second set of answers: {pi/12, 5pi/12, 7pi/12, 11pi/12}

The solutions found by this method are then the following:

{0, pi/12, 5pi/12, 7pi/12, 11pi/12, pi}

Graphing the equation with a graphing calculator confirms that those are all the solutions in the given interval.

Answer by ikleyn(52781) About Me  (Show Source):
You can put this solution on YOUR website!
.
1 + cos(6x) - 2cos(4x) = 0


The idea of solution is to express cos(6x) via cos(2x) and express cos(4x) via cos(2x) to get in this way

an equation for cos(2x) uniformly in the left side.



For it, use widely known formulas of Trigonometry

    cos(3a) = 4%2Acos%5E3%28a%29+-+3%2Acos%28a%29,      (1)   and

    cos(2a) = 2%2Acos%5E2%28a%29+-+1.           (2)



Use a = 2x;  then formulas (1) and (2) give you

    cos(6x) = 4%2Acos%5E3%282x%29+-+3%2Acos%282x%29,     (3)   and

    cos(4x) = 2%2Acos%5E2%282x%29+-+1.           (4)



Now substitute (3) and (4) into your basic equation. You will get

    1+%2B+4%2Acos%5E3%282x%29+-+3%2Acos%282x%29+-+4%2Acos%5E2%282x%29+%2B+2 = 0,    or

    4%2Acos%5E3%282x%29+-+4%2Acos%5E2%282x%29+-+3%2Acos%282x%29+%2B+3 = 0.    (5)



In the last equation, introduce new variable  y = cos(2x).  You will get then

    4y%5E3+-+4y%5E2+-+3y+%2B+3 = 0.


You can group the terms and factor it in this way

    4y%5E2%2A%28y-1%29+-+3%2A%28y-1%29 = 0,

    %28y-1%29%2A%284y%5E2-3%29 = 0.


So the roots for y are  y%5B1%5D = 1;  y%5B2%5D = sqrt%283%29%2F2  and  y%5B3%5D = -sqrt%283%29%2F2.



Thus we have three cases to analyse separately:


    Case 1.  y%5B1%5D = 1  ====>  cos(2x) = 1  ====>  2x = 0  or  2%2Api  ====>  x = 0  or  x = pi.  


    Case 2.  y%5B2%5D = sqrt%283%29%2F2  ====>  cos(2x) = sqrt%283%29%2F2  ====>  2x = pi%2F6  or  2x = 11pi%2F6  ====>  x = pi%2F12  or  x = 11pi%2F12. 


    Case 3.  y%5B3%5D = -sqrt%283%29%2F2  ====>  cos(2x) = -sqrt%283%29%2F2  ====>  2x = 5pi%2F6  or  2x = 7pi%2F6  ====>  x = 5pi%2F12  or  x = 7pi%2F12. 



ANSWER.  In all, there are 6 solutions for x in the given interval:

         x = 0;  pi%2F12;  5pi%2F12;  7pi%2F12;  11pi%2F12  and  pi.

Solved.